Thelansis

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a rare, debilitating autoimmune disease known as Graves' orbitopathy or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. After 1 to 3 years, the disease progresses from an active progressive period marked by inflammation to a stable and fibrotic period. It affects approximately 40% of Graves' disease patients. In Graves' disease, autoantibodies (thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin) targeting the thyrotropin receptor cause hyperthyroidism. The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), which is overexpressed by orbital fibroblasts and B and T cells, plays a critical role in Graves' illness and thyroid eye disease. Thyrotropin receptors and IGF-IRs form physical and functional complexes that cause hyaluronan accumulation and cytokine production, resulting in inflammation, edema, and enlargement of extraocular muscle and adipose tissue. The incidence of Thyroid eye disease in the USA is 15 to 20 cases per 100,000 population in the USA   The competitive l...