Thelansis

 Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) comprises the majority, approximately 80%, of all bladder cancer cases. Among NMIBC, Ta bladder cancer represents the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 60%, while T1 and carcinoma in situ (CIS) comprise the remaining 30% and 10%, respectively. Effective management of NMIBC hinges on two fundamental principles: complete transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder tumor (TUR-B) and intravesical therapy. In the case of NMIBC, the primary treatment choice involves combining intravesical chemotherapy with transurethral resection of the bladder, significantly reducing the disease and its recurrence. Commonly utilized chemotherapy agents include Mitomycin C, epirubicin, thiotepa, gemcitabine, and doxorubicin. Notably, Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) stands out as the most potent intravesical agent and is preferred for NMIBC patients with an intermediate and high risk of recurrence, as it is the sole agent with proven efficacy in delaying pr...