Thelansis

  Cervical dystonia, alternatively termed spasmodic torticollis, is an uncommon neurological condition stemming from a brain malfunction. It stands as the most prevalent form of focal dystonia. Characterized by involuntary muscle contractions in the neck, cervical dystonia leads to abnormal movements and positions of the neck and head. Patients with CD are typically categorized into two groups: primary CD, which is idiopathic, and secondary CD, which arises due to identifiable causes. Primary CD lacks evidence from history, physical examination, or laboratory tests (except for the primary dystonia gene), pointing to any secondary cause for the dystonic symptoms. It can be a generalized or focal dystonic condition component, with a possible genetic basis in generalized cases. Secondary or symptomatic CD may result from central or peripheral trauma, exposure to dopamine receptor antagonists (tardive), neurodegenerative disease, or other conditions linked to abnormal basal ganglia f...