Thelansis

  Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary neurological movement disorder caused by the use of dopamine receptor blocking drugs that are prescribed to treat certain psychiatric or gastrointestinal conditions.   Etiology -   Tardive dyskinesia is caused by the long-term use of a class of drugs known as neuroleptics. These drugs are also called antipsychotics or major tranquillizers. Medicines that most commonly cause this disorder are older antipsychotics, including Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Perphenazine, Prochlorperazine, Thioridazine, Trifluoperazine Other drugs that can cause TD to include Metoclopramide, Antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline, fluoxetine, phenelzine, sertraline, trazodone, Antiparkinson drugs such as levodopa, Antiseizure drugs such as phenobarbital and phenytoin.   Epidemiology- The occurrence of TD is estimated to be 2%-5% annually, and the condition occurs in 15%-30% of those who receive long-term treatment...