Thelansis

  Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (EEC) is a spectrum of genitourinary malformations that range in severity from epispadias (E) and classical bladder exstrophy (CEB) to exstrophy of the cloaca (EC), which is the most severe form. EEC encompasses various anatomical structures, including the urinary system, musculoskeletal system, pelvis, pelvic floor, abdominal wall, genitalia, and sometimes the spine and anus. EEC is characterized by a visible defect in the lower abdominal wall, which may manifest as an evaginated bladder plate in classical bladder exstrophy or an open urethral plate in males and a cleft in females in cases of epispadias. This results in urine leakage from the ureteric orifices, which is evident on the bladder surface or through the urethra. In rare cases of cloacal exstrophy, two exstrophied hemibladders, omphalocele, imperforate anus, and spinal defects may be observed at birth. Additionally, there are atypical forms of EEC, including duplicated exstrophy, covered...