Thelansis

 Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disorder marked by low platelet count, which is crucial for blood clotting due to an autoimmune reaction. This condition manifests as visible skin discoloration caused by blood leaking beneath the skin's surface. Primary ITP arises from immune dysfunction, resulting in low platelet count (<100 × 10^9/L), driven by autoantibodies targeting platelets, T cell-mediated destruction of platelets, and impaired megakaryocyte function. It affects individuals of all ages and genders. In contrast, secondary ITP occurs due to underlying conditions, such as chronic infections (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, HIV) or autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). In infectious cases, molecular mimicry may lead to the production of cross-reactive autoantibodies against platelets. The primary mechanism in ITP involves IgG autoantibodies binding to platelets and megakaryocytes, mainly targeting surface antigens like GPIIbIIIa and GPIb-IX-V. Phagocytes, pr...