Thelansis

 Radioactive iodine I-131 (RAI) treatment is the primary systemic therapy for advanced disease (5). It frequently leads to a cure in young patients with small metastases arising from well-differentiated thyroid cancer, particularly those exhibiting high RAI uptake in neoplastic foci. This subgroup constitutes approximately one-third of advanced thyroid cancer patients. However, in the remaining two-thirds of advanced cases, achieving a cure is a rare occurrence. These patients will eventually be classified as refractory. RAI is a pivotal component of standard adjuvant treatment for individuals with high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Nevertheless, 5% to 15% of DTC cases and a striking 50% of metastatic DTC cases exhibit refractoriness to RAI treatment. Those diagnosed with RAI-refractory (RAI-R) thyroid cancer face a grim prognosis, with 5-year disease-specific survival rates ranging from 60% to 70%. The outlook is even bleaker for those with RAI-R metastatic thyroid can...