Hepatorenal Syndrome – Market Outlook, Epidemiology, Competitive Landscape, and Market Forecast Report – 2023 To 2033

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a multiorgan condition affecting both the kidneys and the liver, primarily observed in individuals with acute or chronic liver disease. The incidence of HRS in patients with decompensated liver disease is about 4%, with most cases being associated with conditions like alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or metastatic cancers leading to portal hypertension. The likelihood of HRS development reaches 18% at one year and 39% at five years in these patients, particularly those with hyponatremia and high plasma renin activity. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis can contribute to HRS in one-third of cases. The key triggers for HRS include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, large-volume ascites paracentesis without plasma expansion, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Any form of sepsis can provoke HRS in cirrhosis patients due to the release of sepsis-related vasoactive mediators, similar to those in portal hypertension. Liver transplantation is the definitive treatme...