Thelansis

  Blepharospasm (BSP) is a type of focal dystonia characterized by spasms of the eyelids, involuntary closure of the eye, increased spontaneous blinking, or any combination of the previous ones. Patients may initially experience mild and infrequent spasms. However, as symptoms progress, patients may experience visual disability and social withdrawal within 6 months to 3 years, significantly impacting their quality of life. Blepharospasm is characterized by orbicularis oculi muscle spasms that are stereotyped, bilateral, and synchronous. Spasms can be brief or prolonged, and they can cause the eyelids to narrow or close. Sensory tricks that can temporarily improve eyelid spasms in about half of the patients, associated apraxia of eyelid opening, and increased spontaneous blink rate are also relevant manifestations. Dystonia is a functional disorder, so neurophysiology is an essential methodology for studying it, identifying the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and providing...