Thelansis

  Hospital-acquired Pneumonia (HAP), or Nosocomial pneumonia, is characterized by the onset of pneumonia 48 hours or more after a patient's admission to the hospital without being present upon entry. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a specific type of HAP in intensive care units (ICUs) and represents a significant subset. The primary pathogens responsible for HAP and VAP are aerobic gram-negative bacilli (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp, and Acinetobacter spp) and gram-positive cocci (including Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Streptococcus spp). The specific causative pathogens can vary depending on host factors and the microbial flora present in the hospital setting. Symptoms of HAP and VAP may include cough, expectoration, increased body temperature, chest pain, or difficulty breathing. Clinical signs can include fever, rapid breathing, areas of lung consolidation, or abnormal ...