Thelansis

 Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that derive from primordial germ cells and are commonly found in the gonads, but can also occur in the anterior mediastinum, pineal gland, and brain. GCTs can be classified into two major categories, Seminomas and non-seminomas, which have different clinical implications and prognoses. Seminomas generally have a better outcome, while non-seminomatous tumors are more likely to present with metastatic disease or mixed germ cell components. The precise etiology of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs) remains controversial, with two theories proposed to explain their origin: aberrant migration of primordial germ cells during embryonic development or reverse migration from the gonads. Intracranial germ cell tumors, including germinoma, have distinct biological properties compared to neuroepithelial tumors, with activating mutations in the c-KIT receptor tyrosine kinase pathway and downstream regulators frequently seen in ...