Thelansis

 Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) (ET) is a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), which is characterized by a persistent increase in the number of blood platelets (above 450 x 109/L) and a tendency towards abnormal blood clotting and bleeding. The most common genetic mutations found in ET are somatic mutations in the JAK2 gene. Mutations in the LNK gene may also cause ET by downregulating the JAK2 pathway and mutations in the MPL gene in cases of ET with myeloproliferation. Symptoms of ET can range from asymptomatic to microcirculatory disturbances or vasomotor events, including headaches, visual disturbances, atypical chest pain, distal paresthesias, and erythromelalgia. The main risks for patients are arterial and venous thromboses, which can cause severe neurological, cardiac, or peripheral artery manifestations. The overall survival rate of patients with ET is similar to that of a healthy population matched by age and sex during the first decade after diagnosis. Ho...

 Critical limb-threatening ischemia is a severe medical condition that occurs when there is an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the limbs. The narrowing of blood vessels typically causes this due to the accumulation of plaque, which prevents oxygenated blood from flowing to the limbs properly. As a result, there is a risk of tissue damage and possible amputation. This condition can be clinically defined in three ways: ischaemic rest pain for greater than two weeks duration requiring opiate analgesia, the presence of ischaemic lesions or gangrene that is objectively attributable to arterial occlusive disease, or an ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) less than 0.5. Chronic limb ischemia results from arterial occlusive disease, most commonly atherosclerosis. This can occur in association with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, and diabetes, as well as other conditions like Buerger's disease or thromboangiitis obliterans and some forms of arteritis. In pat...