Thelansis

  Hallux valgus (HV), commonly known as a bunion, is a prevalent deformity affecting the forefoot. HV is characterized by lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx and medial deviation of the first metatarsal head, resulting from the adduction of the first metatarsus, known as metatarsus primus varus. The exact cause of HV is not fully understood, but it is likely the result of multiple contributing factors. These factors include genetics, a shortened first metatarsal, dorsiflexion (upward bending) of the first metatarsal, flexible or rigid varus deformity of the forefoot, flexible or rigid pes planovalgus (flatfoot), gastrocnemius equinus (tight calf muscles), abnormal foot mechanics, and joint hypermobility. HV deformity is commonly observed in individuals with connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and those with Down syndrome. The pathophysiology of HV is complex, involving an imbalance between the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the f...

 Hallux valgus (HV), commonly known as a bunion, is a prevalent deformity affecting the forefoot. HV is characterized by lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx and medial deviation of the first metatarsal head, resulting from the adduction of the first metatarsus, known as metatarsus primus varus. The exact cause of HV is not fully understood, but it is likely the result of multiple contributing factors. These factors include genetics, a shortened first metatarsal, dorsiflexion (upward bending) of the first metatarsal, flexible or rigid varus deformity of the forefoot, flexible or rigid pes planovalgus (flatfoot), gastrocnemius equinus (tight calf muscles), abnormal foot mechanics, and joint hypermobility. HV deformity is commonly observed in individuals with connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and those with Down syndrome. The pathophysiology of HV is complex, involving an imbalance between the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the foot...