Thelansis

  Apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) variants pose a heightened risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) among African American individuals. These coding variants are associated explicitly with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and HIV-associated nephropathy in patients of African descent. APOL1, a small 42 kd protein primarily found in the kidney and enriched in glomeruli, harbors two allelic variants: G1 (S342G and I384M) and G2 (N388del: Y389del), both altering the APOL1 protein sequence within an anti-trypanosome activity domain. The majority of individuals with recent African ancestry diagnosed with HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), FSGS, and hypertension-attributed ESRD exhibit APOL1-associated kidney disease. Clinical studies on kidney transplantation reveal no significant correlation between APOL1 genotype and serum APOL1 protein levels or kidney disease presence. The persistent disparities in long-term outcomes following kidney tran...