Thelansis

  Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), encompassing both ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial SpA, is the most prevalent form of chronic inflammatory arthritis affecting the axial skeleton. AS, impacting 0.1–0.5 percent of the population, manifests with inflammatory back pain, radiographic sacroiliitis, excessive spinal bone formation, and a high incidence of HLA–B27. Conversely, non-radiographic axial SpA, while sharing several similarities with AS, lacks advanced sacroiliac joint damage and spinal ankylosis. Symptoms such as arthralgia, stiffness, and restricted flexibility vary widely across patients and throughout the axial SpA spectrum. Additionally, skeletal manifestations may coexist with conditions like uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), significantly impacting patients' physical and social well-being and disrupting daily life. Despite the substantial burden posed by axial SpA, including notable pain, stiffness, and compromised physica...