Thelansis

  Urothelial carcinoma (UCa) comprises bladder cancer, accounting for 90-95% of UCa cases, and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUCa), which includes the remaining 5-10%. UCa is considered advanced when UCa has spread to lymph nodes or distant organs like the lungs, bones, or liver. Most advanced UCa originates from non-papillary muscle-invasive tumors, which are now one of the highest mutation rates among cancers. Advanced UTUCa, on the other hand, has a distinct mutation profile and is frequently marked by mutations in FGFR3, KMT2D, PIK3CA, and TP53. Symptoms of advanced urothelial cancer may include blood in the urine, frequent urination, painful urination, lower back pain, fatigue, and weight loss. Despite the availability of multimodality therapy, advanced bladder cancer has a very low overall survival (OS) rate. Progression-free survival rates after first- and second-line treatments for advanced urothelial carcinoma indicate that females face a higher risk of progression ...

 Urothelial Carcinoma (UC), also called Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), includes cancer in the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder. The clinical spectrum of TCC in the urinary system can be divided into noninvasive/superficial tumors, invasive, and metastatic lesions. HE4 biomarkers are elevated in the serum of patients diagnosed with TCC in the urinary system regardless of the TNM stage. Urothelial carcinoma (or UCC) accounts for about 90% of all bladder cancers. UC of the urinary bladder confers significant mortality, and patients often require an aggressive therapeutic strategy. Although advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) of the bladder is a small subset of all urothelial tumors, it accounts for the majority of the disease's rapid mortality. Prior to combination cisplatin-based chemotherapy, median survival in the mUC setting was only 4 to 6 months. While an improvement, relapse and progression are still very common in this disease, and second-line chemotherapi...