Thelansis

  Monoclonal gammopathies are a group of disorders characterized by a monoclonal protein in circulation. These disorders encompass a range of entities, from the highly prevalent and asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to more advanced and less frequent conditions such as multiple myeloma. These disorders are classified based on the involved immunoglobulin (M-protein), including non-immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgM, and light chain. The progression rate to multiple myeloma (MM), a lymphoproliferative disorder, amyloidosis, or light-chain deposition disease is 1% per year. Patients with IgM MGUS have an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, light-chain amyloidosis, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) at a rate of 1.5% per year. The most common heavy-chain subtype in MGUS is IgG, found in approximately 70% of patients, followed by IgM (15%), IgA (12%), and biclonal gammopathy (3%). MGUS is biologically and c...