Thelansis

  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the eighth most common malignancy affecting adults, accounts for between 3% and 4% of new cancer cases in the United States. The classic clinical presentation of flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable flank mass are comparatively uncommon (5–10% of cases). However, clinical symptomatology may be relatively nonspecific. For example, anorexia, tiredness, weight loss, or fever of unknown origin · The clear cell histologic subtype remains the most common representing approximately 70% of all renal tumors and an even more significant proportion of patients with metastatic RCC (>80%). The vast majority of clear cell RCC is characterized by biallelic loss of function of the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. Prognosis is generally reflected in staging severity, with the lower-stage disease associated with longer survival rates. The prediction is noticeably adversely affected by the spread of the tumor beyond the renal fascia and into the retrope...