Thelansis

  Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) presents as a clonal hematopoietic malignancy requiring specific management due to its distinctive features. Characterized by a persistent monocytosis of ≥1 × 10^9/L in peripheral blood, with monocytes constituting ≥10% of white blood cells, this condition, often associated with aging, involves abnormal cell proliferation driven by heightened sensitivity of myeloid progenitors to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, alongside myeloid cell dysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis. As per WHO criteria, diagnosis necessitates the persistent presence of monocytosis with monocytes comprising ≥10% of the white blood cell differential count. Predominant cytogenetic abnormalities include trisomy 8 and various anomalies in chromosome 7. Mutations affecting epigenetic modifiers and mRNA splicing regulators are prevalent, occurring in up to 80% of CMML cases. Common mutations involve epigenetic modifiers (e.g., TET2, ASXL1, EZH2), splicin...