Thelansis

  Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) arises from an anaerobic spore-forming bacillus inhabiting the intestinal tract, primarily in individuals whose normal gut microbiota is disrupted by antibiotic therapy or other factors. This bacterium, C. difficile, secretes two principal toxins—toxins A and B—resulting in intestinal mucosal damage, diarrhea, and colitis. Severe cases may progress to shock, ileus, and toxic megacolon. In high-income nations, C. difficile is the foremost cause of infectious diarrhea among hospitalized patients. Advanced age stands out as the most frequently cited risk factor for recurrent CDI (rCDI). In a retrospective analysis, the likelihood of rCDI stood at 25.0%, 27.1%, and 58.4% for individuals aged 0 to 17, 18 to 64, and ≥65 years, respectively. Among modifiable risk factors, antibiotic use for non-C. difficile infections post-CDI diagnosis ranks foremost. Furthermore, the use of gastric acid suppression has been linked to an increased risk of rCDI. T...