Thelansis

  Portal hypertension is a condition with an elevation in pressure within the portal venous system, determined by an increased portal pressure gradient, which is the disparity between portal venous pressure and the pressure within the inferior vena cava or hepatic vein. Various factors contribute to portal hypertension, categorized as prehepatic, intrahepatic, or posthepatic in origin. Prehepatic causes typically stem from augmented blood flow or obstruction within the portal or splenic veins. Intrahepatic causes further subdivide into pre-sinusoidal, sinusoidal, or post-sinusoidal, while posthepatic causes may involve the heart, hepatic vein (as in Budd-Chiari syndrome), or inferior vena cava. Diagnostic evaluation includes a complete blood count to identify thrombocytopenia resulting from hypersplenism and anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as a complete metabolic panel to detect renal failure and liver enzyme elevation indicative of liver disease. Doppler ultraso...