Thelansis

  Membranous Nephropathy (MN), also called membranous glomerulopathy, is a type of glomerular disease resulting in nephrotic syndrome. It is defined by significant proteinuria (>3.5 g/day) and the manifestation of clinical symptoms such as peripheral edema, hypertension, frothy urine, and thromboembolic events. MN can be classified into primary (75-80%) and secondary (20-25%) forms. Primary MN is often idiopathic but may be associated with antibodies against the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antigen (70-80%), neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 (NELL) (15-20%), thrombospondin (1-5%), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), or exostosin (EXT1/EXT2). Secondary MN is linked to infections, neoplasms, drugs, heavy metal poisoning, autoimmune diseases, and other miscellaneous factors. The formation of antigen-antibody complexes between the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes causes MN. These complexes, which primarily consist of immunoglobulin IgG4, complement C3, and C5b-C9 membr...

 Membranous Nephropathy (MN), also called membranous glomerulopathy, is a type of glomerular disease resulting in nephrotic syndrome. It is defined by the presence of significant proteinuria (>3.5 g/day) and the manifestation of clinical symptoms such as peripheral edema, hypertension, frothy urine, and thromboembolic events. MN can be classified into primary (75-80%) and secondary (20-25%) forms. Primary MN is often idiopathic but may be associated with antibodies against the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antigen (70-80%), neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 (NELL) (15-20%), thrombospondin (1-5%), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), or exostosin (EXT1/EXT2). Secondary MN is linked to infections, neoplasms, drugs, heavy metal poisoning, autoimmune diseases, and other miscellaneous factors. The formation of antigen-antibody complexes between the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes causes MN. These complexes, which primarily consist of immunoglobulin IgG4, complement C3, and...