Thelansis

  Stiff person syndrome (SPS) encompasses a spectrum of disorders characterized by progressively increasing axial rigidity accompanied by intermittent, painful spasms. This condition predominantly affects females and may arise idiopathically or secondary to autoimmune disorders or paraneoplastic conditions, accounting for approximately 5% of cases. Variants within this syndrome include stiff limb syndrome, jerking stiff person syndrome, and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM). The clinical course of SPS is variable, often ameliorating during sleep but exacerbating with movement, sensory stimuli, or emotional stress. Patients may also experience spasms and myoclonic jerks. In SPS, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) autoantibodies are detected in 50–90% of cases, with other associated autoantibodies, including anti-amphiphysin and anti-glycine receptors. The presence of anti-GAD antibodies is predominantly linked to autoimmune diseases such as ...