Thelansis

  A disorder affecting the alveoli (tiny air sacs) of the lungs. In emphysema, the alveoli become abnormally inflated, damaging their walls and making it harder to breathe.   Emphysema is a type of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).   Etiology- The cause of emphysema is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and the airways. In the United States, cigarette smoke is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause emphysema, especially if someone inhales them. Rarely, a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can play a role in causing emphysema.   Epidemiology- The prevalence of emphysema in the United States is approximately 14 million, which includes 14% white male smokers and 3% white male nonsmokers. The prevalence is slightly less for white female smokers and African Americans. In 2016, the Global Burden of Disease Study reported a prevalence of 251 million cases of COPD...