Thelansis

  IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most prevalent form of primary glomerulonephritis globally, significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. It presents a diverse clinical and pathological course and is likely a group of diseases within the primary IgAN entity. It can also manifest secondary to various conditions like liver disease, coeliac disease, and several rheumatological disorders. Primary IgAN can present massive proteinuria (24-h urinary protein ≥3.5 g/d), with or without nephrotic syndrome (NS). Patients with ‘typical’ primary IgAN are categorized into three risk groups: low, intermediate, and high. Low-risk patients exhibit minor urinary abnormalities, normal GFR, and normotension. They require regular follow-up visits, which can be challenging to achieve in asymptomatic young individuals who need persuasion about the importance of regular review. Intermediate-risk patients have ‘significant’ proteinuria (mostly defined as >1 g per day b...