Thelansis

 Bladder cancer is characterized by the formation of malignant cells within the bladder tissues. It is categorized based on TNM staging, where the most crucial factor is the depth of tumor invasion (T stage) in the absence of nodal (N stage) or distant metastases (M stage). This classification distinguishes between two primary types: muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), where the tumor invades beyond the muscular propia, and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), where it does not. NMIBC encompasses a diverse group of urothelial carcinomas with varying recurrence risks and progression to muscle-invasive disease. The treatment approach for urothelial carcinoma (UC) depends on the presence or absence of muscle invasion. Non-muscle invasive UC is managed through endoscopic resection and risk-based intravesical therapy, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Complications associated with UC can arise from the tumor itself and the adverse effects of treatment. Tumor-related comp...

 Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder. Bladder cancer is classified according to TNM staging. In the absence of nodal (N stage) or distant metastases (M stage), the depth of tumor invasion (T stage) is the most important determination to be made. It can be dichotomized based on whether the tumor is invading into or beyond the muscular propia (muscle-invasive bladder cancer, MIBC) or not (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, NMIBC). Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a heterogeneous subclassification of urothelial carcinoma with significant variation in individual risk of recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive disease. According to disease modeling data of Thelansis and literature review, an estimated 82,320 cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed in the United States (US) in 2020, representing 4.4% of all cancer diagnoses. Approximately 90% of bladder cancers are confined to the blad...