Thelansis

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a rare, highly aggressive, and often fatal primary epithelial cancer arising within the liver. iCCAs are diagnosed mainly at an advanced non-curable stage and usually occur sporadically in patients without recognizable risk factors. More than 90% of iCCAs are adenocarcinomas exhibiting biliary differentiation biomarkers and can be subdivided by genomic and epigenomic profiling into etiologically distinct subtypes. Unlike hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), most iCCAs develop in the non-cirrhotic liver, although it has been reported that about 8–10% of all it occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis. Unlike conventional HCCs, mass-forming iCCAs are typically characterized by a prominent desmoplastic and hypovascularized tumor stroma, which often represents the dominant histological feature of the tumor. Curative intent surgical resection is the best option for achieving long-term survival outcomes. However, only a fraction of iCCA patients are candid