Thelansis

  Buerger’s Disease (BD) or Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental inflammatory disease that most commonly affects the small and medium-sized arteries and veins in the upper and lower extremities. In the characteristic acute-phase lesion, in association with occlusive cellular thrombosis, the acute inflammation involving all layers of the vessel wall led TAO to be classified as a vasculitis. There is no consistent pattern in HLA haplotypes among patients with Buerger’s disease. However, in the European nations, there was a preponderance of HLA-A9 and HLA-B5 antigens. The acute-phase lesion is characterized by acute inflammation involving all coats of the vessel wall, especially of the veins, in association with occlusive thrombosis. Intermediate phase in which there is a progressive organization of the occlusive thrombus in the arteries and veins. Chronic phase or end-stage lesion is characterized by organization of the occlusive thrombus with exten...