Thelansis

 Clostridium difficile, a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus, exhibits a propensity to inhabit and propagate within the human gastrointestinal tract, particularly following colonic microbiota alterations after antibiotic administration. This microorganism is prevalent in various environments, such as water, air, human and animal feces, hospital surfaces, and soil. It thrives optimally at a temperature of approximately 37 degrees Celsius. The primary mode of transmission is fecal-oral. C. difficile produces two pivotal virulence factors: toxin A and toxin B. Although the majority of pathogenic strains associated with C. difficile infection generate both toxins, global reports indicate the existence of strains exclusively producing toxin B. Severe infections can lead to conditions like shock, ileus, and toxic megacolon. In developed nations, C. difficile is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Key primary risk factors encompass male gender,...

 Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an anaerobic spore-forming bacillus that colonizes the intestinal tract in patients whose normal gut microbiota is disrupted by antibiotic therapy or for any other reason. C difficile produces two major toxins—toxins A and B—that cause intestinal mucosal injury, diarrhea, and colitis. In some cases, fulminant infection leads to shock, ileus, and toxic megacolon. In high-income countries, C. difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Between 20% and 35% of patients with C. difficile infection will fail initial antibiotic treatment, and, of these, 40–60% will have a second recurrence. Recurrence of C. difficile infection after initial treatment causes substantial morbidity and is a major burden on health care systems. Antibiotics are the mainstay treatments for both primary and recurrent CDI, with a recent trend toward vancomycin and fidaxomicin over metronidazole. About 15-35% of CDI patients suffer f...