Thelansis

  Ascites refer to the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity, primarily associated with cirrhosis and often indicating the transition from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis. Refractory ascites (RA) is a term defined by the International Club of Ascites (ICA) as ascites that recur within 4 weeks after large-volume paracentesis (LVP) and are resistant to medical therapy. Recurrent ascites, defined as ascites recurring at least three times within 12 months, impact survival differently than RA, and its effects on survival are yet unknown. Refractory ascites, occurring in 5%–10% of all patients with cirrhotic ascites, is associated with a high mortality rate, with an average 1-year survival rate of around 50%. Large-volume paracentesis, the primary treatment for refractory ascites, involves directly aspirating more than 5 liters of ascites. While LVP can rapidly control massive ascites and reduce hospital stays compared to diuretics, it does not affect the m...