Thelansis

Hypovolemia is characterized by a decreased extracellular fluid volume, typically resulting from a simultaneous loss of sodium and water. The causes of hypovolemia can be broadly categorized into renal and extrarenal factors. Renal causes include excessive diuretic use and mineralocorticoid deficiency, while extrarenal causes encompass vomiting and diarrhea. Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a safe, non-invasive, and easily accessible method for estimating volume status. Measuring systolic blood pressure is the most accessible method for evaluating volume status. Thus, any condition leading to a decrease in systolic blood pressure warrants consideration within the differential diagnosis for hypovolemia. Central venous pressure can be approximated by evaluating the diameter and collapsibility of the inferior vena cava or internal jugular vein. Dynamic hemodynamic parameters offer greater precision in identifying the root cause of hypovolemia and assessing the...