Thelansis

 Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukaemia (ATL) is a rare lymphoproliferative neoplasm of mature CD4+ CD25+ T cells caused by infection with the retrovirus human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The aggressive subtypes of ATL carry some of the poorest prognoses of any of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In an extensive retrospective analysis, patients with ATL had 5-year failure-free and overall survival (OS) of only 12% and 14%, respectively. However, the clinical course can vary with this disease's chronic and smouldering variants. In patients without histologically proven tumor lesions, at least 5% of circulating abnormal T lymphocytes are required to diagnose ATL. These cells typically express the surface T-cell lymphocytic markers CD2, CD4, CD5, CD29, CD45RO, and T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ and are usually negative for CD7, CD8, and CD26 and show reduced CD3 expression. HLA-DP, DQ, DR, and interleukin-2R (CD25) lymphocytic activation markers are always present, whereas terminal deoxynucleo...