Thelansis

 Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its prevalence varies depending on factors such as ethnicity, sex, and age of disease onset, ranging from 35% to 60%. LN, along with increased susceptibility to infections, significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality of SLE patients. Histologically observed in most SLE patients (even those without apparent renal symptoms), renal involvement is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and eventual renal failure. Lupus nephritis is classified into six classes based on kidney biopsy findings: minimal mesangial lupus nephritis (class I), mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis (class II), focal lupus nephritis (class III), diffuse lupus nephritis (class IV), membranous lupus nephritis (class V), and advanced sclerosing lupus nephritis (class VI). The pathogenesis of LN is complex. It involves abnormalities in various immune system components, including B and T cells, the ...

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its prevalence varies depending on factors such as ethnicity, sex, and age of disease onset, ranging from 35% to 60%. LN, along with increased susceptibility to infections, significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality of SLE patients. Histologically observed in most SLE patients (even those without apparent renal symptoms), renal involvement is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and eventual renal failure. Lupus nephritis is classified into six classes based on kidney biopsy findings: minimal mesangial lupus nephritis (class I), mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis (class II), focal lupus nephritis (class III), diffuse lupus nephritis (class IV), membranous lupus nephritis (class V), and advanced sclerosing lupus nephritis (class VI). The pathogenesis of LN is complex. It involves abnormalities in various immune system components, including B and T cells, the compl...