Thelansis

 Oropharyngeal cancer is a condition where cancerous cells develop in the tissues of the oropharynx, which constitutes the middle part of the pharynx. This area encompasses the tonsils, the back of the tongue, and the posterior throat walls. The pharynx serves as a passage for both air and food. Oropharyngeal cancers are commonly associated with HPV, and a positive HPV-16 polymerase chain reaction test of a biopsy or fine-needle aspiration is suggestive of oropharyngeal origin. Most oropharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, thin, flat cells that line the interior of the oropharynx. Oropharyngeal cancer is relatively rare and typically afflicts individuals aged 50 to 80. The primary risk factors are smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. However, there has been a rise in cases among younger people infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). The signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer can vary depending on the specific location, type, stage of cancer, and the individua...

 Oropharyngeal cancer incidence has recently increased, thereby attracting public attention. Like other malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, it has been attributed to the carcinogenic effects of tobacco and alcohol use. However, recent evidence shows that a substantial increase in the disease is attributable to the effects of human papillomavirus (HPV). Early oropharyngeal tumors are often asymptomatic, but advanced tumors produce local pain, earache, cervical lymphadenopathy, trismus, odynophagia, dysphagia, hemorrhage, decreased mobility of the tongue, and fistula formation. Capsular rupture doubles the risk of local and distant relapse and triples the risk of regional recurrence. In addition, the survival rate prognosis deteriorates to 50% compared to positive nodes without capsular rupture. ·        The global burden of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is estimated to be approximately 95,000 to 112,000 new patients annually...