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Hepatitis B – Market Outlook, Epidemiology, Competitive Landscape, and Market Forecast Report – 2023 To 2033

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  Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted via contact with infected blood or certain bodily fluids. Common transmission routes include perinatal transfer from an infected mother to her newborn during childbirth, unsterile medical or dental equipment, unprotected sex, unsterile needles, and sharing personal items such as razors, toothbrushes, and nail clippers. Hepatitis B is often termed a “silent epidemic” as most individuals are asymptomatic during acute or chronic infection, leading to unintentional viral transmission and ongoing propagation of the virus. Chronic asymptomatic carriers may still experience progressive liver damage, potentially resulting in cirrhosis or liver cancer. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a complex replication cycle, entering host liver cells and transforming its DNA into covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) within the nucleus. This cccDNA serves as a template for viral replication. Newly formed HBV particles are released from the liver cell while cccDNA p
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Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhea (CID) – Market Outlook, Epidemiology, Competitive Landscape, and Market Forecast Report – 2023 To 2033

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  Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) poses a prevalent challenge, particularly among patients who have advanced cancer. Possible risk factors for CID include the existence of a primary tumor, a previous history of CID, and the administration of chemotherapy during the summer months.CID may be classified as uncomplicated (graded 1–2 with no complicating factors) to complicated (graded 3–4 with one or more complicating signs or symptoms). CID condition can also exhibit early onset (occurring within 24 hours of administration) or late onset (manifesting more than 24 hours post-administration), and it may persist (lasting over four weeks) or resolve relatively quickly (subsiding within four weeks) by the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Effects grading system. Conventional initial treatments for CID typically involve the use of opioids such as loperamide and diphenoxylate. The severity of diarrhea is such that it may necessitate dose adjustments, treat
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Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) – Market Outlook, Epidemiology, Competitive Landscape, and Market Forecast Report – 2023 To 2033

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  Renal cell carcinomas exhibit significant variability in tumor biology and disease progression, leading to diverse treatment approaches for localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Despite numerous advancements in systemic therapy, metastatic RCC remains without a cure. About one-third of RCC patients are initially diagnosed with metastatic disease, and a notable portion of those with localized disease will experience recurrence. Metastasectomy stands as the standard of care for patients with limited metastatic sites. Additional FDA approvals have been secured for mRCC, including cabozantinib, a VEGFR/MET/AXL inhibitor, nivolumab, a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, and lenvatinib, a multikinase inhibitor sanctioned in combination with everolimus. Several targeted therapies, primarily focusing on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its receptor (VEGFR) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), have been endorsed. VEGF inhibitors such as axitinib, bevaci
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