Thelansis

 Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) represents the phase of the disease that follows the initial relapsing-remitting stage, characterized by a gradual decline in neurological function independent of relapses. While SPMS is typically viewed as a distinct subtype of multiple sclerosis, it shares some common pathological features and disease mechanisms with the relapsing-remitting form. The transition from relapsing-remitting MS to SPMS poses clinical challenges due to the variable nature of the disease, vague progression patterns, and the lack of established biomarkers and diagnostic tools. The primary treatment objective for SPMS is universally recognized as halting disease progression and preventing symptom exacerbation. Managing SPMS involves both pharmacological interventions, including drugs designed for relapsing cases and symptom-relief medications, as well as non-pharmacological approaches such as rehabilitation and physiotherapy to address symptoms like fatigue,...