Thelansis

  Bazex-Dupre-Christol (BDC) syndrome is characterized clinically by multiple basal cell carcinomas of the face that primarily occur in the second and third decade of life, follicular atrophoderma primarily of the dorsum sides of the hands and feet, and generalized hypotrichosis; occasionally with pili torti and trichorrhexis nodosa. Milia, hypohidrosis, and calcifying epithelial tumors are all symptoms of BDC. Four members of one family with BDC syndrome, a mother and her three daughters, were reported in this study. The major clinical features of BDC were very typical in the mother and one of the daughters, whereas the other two daughters only had follicular atrophoderma, milia, and hypotrichosis. Bazex Dupre Christol Syndrome is a hereditary multiple basal cell carcinoma (BCC) syndrome whose inheritance pattern is X-linked dominant, implying that all daughters of affected mothers should have this disease. Bazex-Dupre-Christol (BDC) incidence ranges from 1 to 1.5 cases per million po

B-Cell Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer in which many abnormal, immature lymphocytes known as blasts begin to multiply in the bone marrow. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that play a role in the immune response. B-ALL is characterized by the expression of various B–cell-specific antigens, which often include PAX-5, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD24, and CD79a. B-cell ALL is primarily a childhood disease, with approximately 75% of cases being children aged <6 years, however, the majority of the B-Cell ALL occurs in the <15 years of age; also, the peak of the incidence is seen in people around 40 years. Approximately 20% to 30% of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) and 5% of pediatric ALLs harbor the Ph-chromosome. This genetic alteration confers a poor prognosis, as defined by shorter remission duration and shorter survival, and higher rates of resistance to standard chemotherapy. CNS involvement is more common in relapsed adult patients. In children, th

  Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (anti-GBM) Disease is a rare form of small vessel vasculitis that affects the kidney and lung capillary beds. It is an archetypic autoimmune disease caused by the development of directly pathogenic autoantibodies targeting a well-characterized autoantigen expressed in the basement membranes of these organs. The body creates autoantibodies that recognize and attach to the basement membrane, part of the wall of capillary blood vessels in the kidneys and lungs. Once the autoantibodies bind to the basement membrane, this creates a signal to the body’s immune system to attack. However, the inciting events that induce the autoimmune response. Environmental factors may trigger the disease in genetically susceptible individuals, such as the current infection. Most patients develop widespread glomerular crescent formation, presenting with signs and symptoms of rapidly progressing GN, and 40%–60% will have an alveolar hemorrhage at the same time. The treatment

  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd commonest cause of cancer death. Approximately 25% of patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis, and about 50%-60% of patients diagnosed with CRC further progressed to develop metastatic disease. Visceral obesity has been reported to affect the prognosis of CRC in men adversely. About a quarter of a contributor to genetic predisposition. The development time of CRC usually lasts from several to several years; therefore, it is essential to diagnose it early in developing the disease. Previously diagnosed with cancer, a history of colon polyps, inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes mellitus, or cholecystectomy may lead to colorectal cancer (CRC). Surgery encompasses the primary form of treatment for colon cancer, whereas chemotherapy is used most commonly in the adjuvant setting. The 5-year overall survival for patients with localized, regional, and metastatic colon cancer is 91%, 72%, and 13%. Clinical outcomes in mCRC have improved significantly

  Cervical cancer is outside the pelvis, are classified as persistent/recurrent, metastatic cervical cancer patients. 13% of cervical cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. The 5-year survival rate for metastatic cervical cancer is 16.5%, compared to 91.5% for localized cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the female genital tract system. It is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women aged 20 to 39 years. The prognosis of cervical cancer patients remains poor, especially in metastatic patients. Previous studies have shown that the median survival time of metastatic cervical cancer is only 8-13 months. Due to the poor prognosis, metastatic cervical cancer has become one of the main challenges in the world.   The metastatic and recurrent Cervical cancer Single-site metastasis accounted for 68.7%, and multi-organ metastases were relatively rare. Lung metastasis was the most common in single-site metastasis, accounting for 3

  Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (anti-GBM) Disease is a rare form of small vessel vasculitis that affects the kidney and lung capillary beds. It is an archetypic autoimmune disease caused by the development of directly pathogenic autoantibodies targeting a well-characterized autoantigen expressed in the basement membranes of these organs. The body creates autoantibodies that recognize and attach to the basement membrane, part of the wall of capillary blood vessels in the kidneys and lungs. Once the autoantibodies bind to the basement membrane, this creates a signal to the body’s immune system to attack. However, the inciting events that induce the autoimmune response. In genetically susceptible individuals, environmental factors, such as the current infection, may trigger the disease. Most patients develop widespread glomerular crescent formation, presenting with signs and symptoms of rapidly progressing GN, and 40%–60% will have an alveolar hemorrhage at the same time. The treatme

  Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease process whereby progressive musculoskeletal pain and limitation in the movement are accompanied by the loss of articular cartilage, sclerotic and cystic changes in local bone, and osteophyte formation. OA is a joint condition whose presentation so differs between men and women in its attributes that both prevention activities and treatment would benefit from recognition of this dimorphism. These structural and anatomic differences between the sexes are observed early and later in life. Articular cartilage of the distal femur is less thick in girls and women than in boys and men—pain in the affected joint, including thickening of the joint capsule and the formation of osteophytes. ~43.3% have pain, aching, or stiffness osteoarthritis on most days. Reports of pain increased with age up to 68% of patients and were higher in blacks than in whites and in women than in men, 47.6% and 37.4%, respectively.   In the US, the total prevalent p

  Breast Cancer (HR+VE/ HER2 -VE) is the most common malignancy in young women worldwide, accounting for an estimated 30% of new cancer diagnoses and 25% of cancer deaths. Patients with metastatic breast cancer are heterogeneous patients whose prognoses and clinical courses can vary depending on host factors, such as comorbidity and age, and on tumor factors, such as hormone-receptor status, grade, and anatomical site of disease. Although the median survival time for patients with metastatic breast cancer is 2-4 years, subsets of patients with either indolent or limited metastatic disease may have prolonged survival times. Approximately 6%-10% of patients will present with metastatic disease at diagnosis. Despite our newer strategies and treatments for MBC, their impact on survival is small. Currently, MBC is largely considered incurable, and the treatment goals are generally palliative. Nevertheless, with the development of newer agents, prolongation of survival has become a goal in t

  A herpetic simplex keratitis is a form of keratitis caused by recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the cornea. It begins with the infection of epithelial cells on the eye's surface and retrograde infection of nerves serving the cornea. Primary infection is characterized by swelling of the conjunctiva and eyelids (Blepharoconjunctivitis) and small white itchy lesions on the corneal surface. The severity of the lesions varies, ranging from minor epithelial damage (superficial punctate keratitis) to more severe consequences such as the formation of dendritic ulcers. Humans are commonly infected with HSV. It is estimated that one-third of the world's population is infected regularly. Keratitis caused by HSV is the leading cause of corneal blindness in developed countries. As a result, HSV infections are a significant global public health issue. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a ubiquitous DNA virus that can infect virtually anywhere in the body, particularly when newbo

  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes an infection that affects the external genitalia, anal region, mucosal surfaces, and skin in other body parts. Herpes simplex virus is a ubiquitous, host-adapted pathogen that causes various disease states. There are two types of HSV with two distinct DNA viruses, type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). Both the types are closely related but differ epidemiologically. HSV-1 is traditionally associated with orofacial disease by affecting the mouth and lips with fever blisters and cold sores, whereas HSV-2 is associated traditionally with genital disease infecting genitals and rectum area with sores and is classified as STD (sexually transmitted disease). As HSV-1 is associated with genital infections more often than HSV-2, lesion location is not necessarily of viral type. HSV can spread through direct contact. Almost 80% of Herpes simplex infections are asymptomatic, while symptomatic infections can be characterized by significant morbidity and recurrence.

  Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, slow-growing type of leukemia that begins in the B cell (B lymphocyte). B cells are white blood cells that aid the body in fighting infection and are an essential component of the immune system. It is a clonal disorder with the presence of the V600E BRAF mutation in most cases. Patients frequently complain of non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and cytopenia symptoms. This activity examines the diagnosis and treatment of hairy cell leukemia, as well as the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for patients with this condition. The morphological evidence of hairy cells under microscopic examination is used to diagnose HCL. Patients with this condition frequently experience non-specific symptoms such as fatigue and weakness and symptoms associated with cytopenias and splenomegaly. On presentation, eighty percent of patients will have significant cytopenias, with less than ten percent having severe pancytopenia. While sple

  Graves' Disease is an autoimmune disorder that results in hyperthyroidism or an overactive thyroid. With this disease, the immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than the body needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck. Thyroid hormones control how the body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in your body, even the way your heartbeats. If left untreated, hyperthyroidism can cause serious heart, bones, muscles, menstrual cycle, and fertility problems. Untreated hyperthyroidism can cause complications for the mother and the baby during pregnancy. Graves' Disease can also have an impact on the eyes and skin. People who have other autoimmune disorders are more likely to develop Graves' Disease than those who do not. Rheumatoid arthritis, a condition that affects the joints and sometimes other body systems; pernicious anemia, an infection caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency; lupus, a chronic or long-term a

  Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is a carcinoma in which the epicenter of the tumor is located within the GEJ region and remains a significant clinical problem that increases the disease burden with a poor prognosis. Most patients present with advanced disease, and less than 50% undergo curative treatment. Tumor infiltration of the proximal or distal resection margin has diminished survival in most series. The Siewert classification is applied to adenocarcinomas located within 5 cm above or below the GEJ. The GEJ adenocarcinomas are classified into three types as follows. Type I, which is located 1–5 cm above the GEJ, is adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus. Type II is true carcinoma of cardia centered between 1 cm above and 2 cm below the GEJ. Type III is subcardial carcinoma located 2–5 cm below the GEJ. Adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) remains a significant clinical problem increasing in incidence and is associated with a poor prognosis. Most patient