Thelansis

  Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) stands as the prevailing cancer originating within the head and neck area, predominantly influenced by factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite treatments, recurrent or metastatic cases of SCCHN typically exhibit a bleak prognosis, with a median survival of around 12 months. Significant advancements have been made in managing recurrent or metastatic SCCHN in recent years. However, outcomes remain subpar, particularly with systemic therapy alone, trailing behind outcomes for other solid tumors. A considerable portion of HNSCC patients facing recurrence or metastasis continue to experience poor survival rates. Consequently, there has been a concentrated effort towards exploring novel biomarkers and therapies based on biomarker analysis. HPV infection has emerged as a primary causal factor for HNSCC, notably in the oropharynx (OPSCC), which accounts for approximately 60–7...