Thelansis

 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare cancer originating in the nasopharynx, an area at the back of the nose and above the throat. It can be classified into three histological subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (Type I), non-keratinizing differentiated carcinoma (Type II), and non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma (Type III). Non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma is the most common form in areas like southern China and is linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. NPC's clinical presentation varies depending on the extent of the disease. Symptoms range from epistaxis and nasal obstruction to cranial nerve issues, often affecting nerves III, V, VI, and XII. The cancer can spread to neck nodes, with retropharyngeal and level 2 nodes being the first and second sites. Treatment decisions depend on the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging. Early NPC typically receives radiotherapy (RT), while stages III and IVa are treated with induction chemotherapy (IC) f...

 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by early extensive local infiltration, high hematogenous dissemination, early lymphatic spread, and a high mortality rate. According to the research, there were an estimated 129,079 new cases of NPC and 72,987 NPC ‑ related deaths in 2018 worldwide. In 2018, there were 60,558 new NPC cases (47.7% of total global cases) and 31,413 NPC ‑ related deaths in China. Considering the complexity of the disease pathophysiology and diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, the need for individualized treatment. Therefore, researchers are focusing on the identification of molecular biomarkers to establish new non ‑ invasive early diagnostic methods, ideal treatment regimens, efficacy evaluation standards, and prognostic indicators for NPC. ·        Symptoms of NPC are not conclusive at early stages, and NPC is not conducive to imaging screening; more than 70% of patients have locoregionally advanced (LA) ‑ NPC at the t...