Thelansis

 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of mature B cells that are typically CD5-positive. These cells proliferate clonally in various body parts, including the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. The ability to produce these clonal B cells may originate during the early hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) stage, suggesting that the initial event leading to CLL may involve multipotent, self-renewing HSCs. The survival of CLL cells relies heavily on a supportive microenvironment that includes components like macrophages, T cells, and stromal follicular dendritic cells. These elements provide the necessary signals for activating vital survival and pro-proliferative pathways in the transformed cells. To sustain the survival of CLL cells, this microenvironment secretes crucial proteins such as chemokines, cytokines, and angiogenic factors, which interact with leukemic cells through specific surface receptors and adhesion molecules. ·   ...

 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterised by clonal proliferation and accumulation of mature, typically CD5-positive B cells in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. The ability to generate clonal B cells may be acquired at the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) stage, implying that the primary leukemogenic event in CLL may be multipotent, self-renewing HSCs. CLL cell survival depends entirely on a permissive microenvironment composed of cellular components such as macrophages, T cells, or stromal follicular dendritic cells that provide stimuli for the activation of critical survival and pro-proliferative signaling pathways in transformed cells. To support CLL cells survival, this microenvironment produces a variety of essential proteins (chemokines, cytokines, and angiogenic factors) that interact with leukemic cells via appropriate surface receptors or adhesion molecules. In the USA, more than 16.850 cases of CLL were diagnosed in the year 2020, and appr...