Thelansis

 Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, which secrete significant quantities of non-functional proteins and immunoglobulins. Despite notable therapeutic advancements over many years, MM remains largely incurable. These hyperproliferative differentiated B-lymphocytes can produce various types of immunoglobulins (Ig), with IgG and IgA being the most common and IgD to a lesser extent. Typically, these abnormal plasma cells primarily grow within the bone marrow, with only a small fraction of patients initially showing extramedullary disease. Most patients experience relapses during treatment, progress to a refractory state, and cease to respond to therapy within 60 days of their last treatment: a grim prognosis and a high likelihood of relapse mark this. Additionally, with each subsequent relapse, patients endure progressively shorter periods of progression-free survival (PFS). For ins...

 Multiple myeloma is characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, resulting in monoclonal antibodies and end-organ damage. This can damage bone marrow, resulting in cytopenia, frail, brittle bones, or renal failure. The accumulation of the monoclonal antibody, Bence–Jones proteins, can precipitate in the urine resulting in kidney damage (usually type 2 renal tubular acidosis) and renal failure, which can be seen in two-thirds of MM cases. ·        An estimated 160,000 cases of Multiple myeloma were diagnosed globally, accounting for around 1% of all cancer-diagnosed cases. Approximately 90,000 of those cases were male, and 70,000 were female, which equals an age-standardized incidence of 2.1/100,000 and 1.4/100,000, respectively. ·        Approximately 59,000 of those deaths were male, and 47,000 were female, equalling age-standardized mortality of 1.3/100,000 and 0.9/100,000, respectively. Thelansis’...