Thelansis

 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of cancer that starts in the nasopharynx, an area at the back of the nose and above the throat. It is considered squamous cell origin, with morphological features of intermixed transformed epithelial cells and lymphoid cells. The clinical presentation of NPC varies depending on the extent of primary and nodal disease. Possible routes of primary tumor invasion can lead to anterior spread into the nasal cavity, pterygoid fossa, maxillary sinuses, lateral involvement into the parapharyngeal and infratemporal spaces, and base of the skull, clivus, and intracranial structures. Clinical presentation may range from nonspecific symptoms, such as epistaxis and unilateral nasal obstruction, to cranial nerve palsies, with cranial nerves III, V, VI, and XII most affected. NPC frequently spreads to neck nodes, with retropharyngeal and level 2 nodes being the spread's first and second echelons. The prognosis for NPC, particularly for locally advanced sta...