Thelansis

 Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a diffuse inflammatory condition affecting the urinary system, characterized by bleeding from the bladder mucosa. Either infectious or noninfectious reasons can cause the condition. While bacterial infections are the most common cause, promptly responsive to treatment, chronic and recurrent cases often stem from chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Various agents, including chemotherapeutic drugs, contribute to the development of hemorrhagic cystitis, with oxazaphosphorine compounds like cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide being particularly significant. These compounds are commonly employed in chemotherapeutic protocols for solid tumors and lymphomas. HC manifests in two forms: early-onset HC, typically within 48–72 hours after chemotherapy, and late-onset HC, occurring during the first 2–3 months post-HSCT. Cyclophosphamide and busulfan administration are predominantly associated with early-onset HC, as these dru...

 Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a diffuse inflammatory condition of the urinary system due to an infectious or noninfectious reason resulting in bleeding from the bladder mucosa. The most common cause is a bacterial infection that usually responds promptly to treatment. However, chronic and recurrent hemorrhagic cystitis often arises from chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or HSCT treatment. HC is manifested in two forms: early-onset HC, which usually appears within 48–72 h following chemotherapy, and late-onset HC, which occurs during the first 2–3 months after HSCT. Early-onset HC has been associated mainly with cyclophosphamide and busulfan administration. These drugs can damage the uroepithelium directly or through their metabolites. Late-onset HC to be associated with virus reactivation in immune-compromised patients. The main treatment recommendations are based on supportive measures such as hyperhydration, forced diuresis, and continuous bladder irrigation. The chronic form of HC d...

  Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a diffuse inflammatory condition of the urinary system due to an infectious or noninfectious reason resulting in bleeding from the bladder mucosa. The most common cause is a bacterial infection that responds promptly to treatment. However, chronic and recurrent hemorrhagic cystitis often arises from chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or HSCT treatment. HC is manifested in two forms: early-onset HC, which usually appears within 48–72 h following chemotherapy, and late-onset HC, which occurs during the first 2–3 months after HSCT. Early-onset HC has been associated mainly with cyclophosphamide and busulfan administration. These drugs can damage the uroepithelium directly or through their metabolites. Late-onset HC to be associated with virus reactivation in immune-compromised patients. The main treatment recommendations are based on supportive measures such as hyperhydration, forced diuresis, and continuous bladder irrigation. The chronic form of HC defined Gr...