Thelansis

  Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms derived from primordial germ cells and are commonly found in the gonads but can also occur in the anterior mediastinum, pineal gland, and brain. The precise etiology of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs) remains controversial. GCTs can be classified into two major categories, Seminomas and non-seminomas, with different clinical implications and prognoses. Seminomas generally have a better outcome, while non-seminomatous tumors are more likely to present with metastatic disease or mixed germ cell components. Germ cell tumors include germinoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumors, and choriocarcinoma. Typically, these tumors develop and proliferate in two primary regions in the brain's center: the pineal region, which houses the pineal gland, and the suprasellar region, where the pituitary gland is located. In the United States, the incidence rate of intracranial GCT has been e...

 Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that derive from primordial germ cells and are commonly found in the gonads, but can also occur in the anterior mediastinum, pineal gland, and brain. GCTs can be classified into two major categories, Seminomas and non-seminomas, which have different clinical implications and prognoses. Seminomas generally have a better outcome, while non-seminomatous tumors are more likely to present with metastatic disease or mixed germ cell components. The precise etiology of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs) remains controversial, with two theories proposed to explain their origin: aberrant migration of primordial germ cells during embryonic development or reverse migration from the gonads. Intracranial germ cell tumors, including germinoma, have distinct biological properties compared to neuroepithelial tumors, with activating mutations in the c-KIT receptor tyrosine kinase pathway and downstream regulators frequently seen in ...