Thelansis

 Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) result from chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and venous hypertension, typically appearing in later stages. Under normal circumstances, the contraction of calf muscles and functioning intraluminal valves encourage forward blood flow while preventing backflow. However, when retrograde flow or obstructions occur, chronic venous hypertension develops, leading to dermatologic and vascular complications that eventually lead to VLU formation. Although CVI is a well-recognized cause of VLU development, ulceration occurs infrequently (5.1%), and the reasons behind this are not entirely clear. CVI may arise from blood reflux, obstruction, or both, disrupting macro- and micro-circulatory functions. This heightened intraluminal pressure results in the leakage of proteins and the creation of fibrin cuffs, hindering the diffusion of oxygen and growth factors and triggering an inflammatory response. At the cellular level, vein wall remodeling, and varix formation invol...