Thelansis

  Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma predominantly manifests in the upper and middle segments of the esophagus and is commonly linked to tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Despite treatments aimed at cure, recurrence frequently manifests in patients. Upon suspicion of recurrence, patients undergo comprehensive evaluations such as PET/CT scans, endoscopic ultrasound, upper endoscopy, biopsy, or other relevant diagnostic techniques tailored to the suspected site of recurrence. The standard therapeutic strategy for locally advanced, operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma involves chemoradiation (CRT) with or without surgical intervention. For patients with early-stage T1N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, treatment options include surgery, endoscopic resection (either by endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection), or radiation therapy alone, with the treatment approach being customized for each patient.   Thelansis’s “Esophageal Squamous Cel...

  Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is a distressing and enduring chronic pain syndrome that can manifest following damage or disease affecting the peripheral somatosensory nervous system or due to drug triggers. PNP causes vary and can be categorized based on whether nerve damage arises from systemic factors like diseases, toxins, or medications or localized secondary effects like trauma, surgery, or cancer. The signs and symptoms of PNP can fluctuate as the disease progresses and can be influenced by the patient's emotional state and anxiety levels. Neuralgias typically exhibit characteristic episodic paroxysms, whereas other neuropathic pains may occur as isolated episodes or as increasing intensity attacks on top of a continuous pain background. Peripheral neuropathy encompasses various types, with risk factors contingent upon the underlying condition or the affected nerves. PNP can either be congenital or develop due to injury or illness. The most prevalent form of periphera...

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a rhythm disturbance originating at or above the atrioventricular (AV) node, characterized by a narrow complex (QRS < 120 milliseconds) with a rate exceeding 100 beats per minute (bpm). The common types of SVT encompass atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia, and atrial tachycardia. The differential diagnosis comprises sinus tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, junctional tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or multi-atrial tachycardia. Factors such as medications, caffeine, alcohol, physical or emotional stress, or cigarette smoking can trigger SVT in susceptible individuals. Electrical conduction in the heart commences at the sinoatrial (SA) node, proceeding to the atrial tissue and the AV node. At the AV node, there's an approximately 100-millisecond delay in the electrical signal. Subsequently, the signal navigates through the His-Purkinje system, branching into the left and ri...